Theory Of Natural Selection Development
Each organism has physical characteristics which it passes on to successive generations. In Theory of Natural Selection, the physical characteristics are based on the organism's genes and its surrounding ecosystem. Basically the theory postulates that based on the changes that occur in an environment, an organism develops favorable traits that help it adapt to the changes and these traits are then passed to future generations. |
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Two organisms in a population can have different forms of the same gene for a particular trait. It is this form that determines the physical characteristics. For instance, eye color in people is determined by combination of genes and it is this combination which allows some people to blue eyes and others green.
The idea of fitness is the focal point of the Theory of Natural Selection. Here fitness does not mean being physically fit but it means more about traits that encourage survival of a particular individual or species so that it can reproduce and the lineage can continue. The logic of this concept is very simple. If an organism's life is just half of that compared to other organisms but it still manages to produce more off springs than other organisms, then the genes of that organism will be more prevalent and abundant in the population. In contrast, organisms with low fitness end up having either few off springs or none at all. But a very good example is sickle cell anemia. Under normal circumstances, this is seen as low fitness and people who have it either have no children or few. However, sickle cell anemia offers immunity to malaria so in malaria prone areas, it is considered as high fitness.
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If you want to know what did Charles Darwin invent, the answer is nothing. However, Darwin was the first person to bring out the concept of natural selection. Many people mistakenly many people think that he was instrumental in bringing forth the concept of evolution, which was not the case. 